RESUMO
Os objetivos deste trabalho foram estimar componentes de variância genética aditiva, fenotípica e residual e a herdabilidade para características relacionadas com a produção de mel e com a estrutura do ninho de abelhas Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides. Sessenta colônias de diferentes regiões da Bahia foram transladadas para caixas padronizadas modelo INPA e divididas, originando as gerações parentais G1 e G2. Foram medidas as características: estimativa da produção de mel; número, largura, volume e altura dos potes de mel; número, altura e diâmetro dos potes de pólen; peso; número, largura e diâmetro dos discos de cria e estimativa da população da colônia. As medidas foram corrigidas para o efeito fixo de mês de mensuração. Os componentes de variância e herdabilidade foram estimados por meio do método de semelhança entre parentes, utilizando-se abordagem Bayesiana. As médias e os desvios padrão variaram de 2,01±0,70cm para diâmetro de potes de pólen a 2.333,0±384,1kg para o peso das caixas. Houve indicação de convergência para todas as cadeias obtidas. As estimativas de variância genética aditiva variaram de 0,02cm para as características largura dos potes de mel a 38.587,72kg para o peso. Para as estimativas de variâncias fenotípicas, os valores variaram de 0,05 para a altura dos potes de pólen a 95.136,43kg para o peso; e para as variâncias residuais, os valores encontrados variaram de 0,02 para a variável largura dos potes de mel a 56.548,71kg para o peso. As estimativas de herdabilidade variaram de 0,35 a 0,53. Os resultados demonstraram que as características avaliadas possuem variação genética aditiva que garante boa resposta à seleção.
The aim of this study was to estimate components of genetic variance, phenotypic and residual and heritability for traits related to the production of honey and the nest structure of bee Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides. Sixty colonies from different regions of Bahia were transferred to standard INPA model boxes and divided, creating the parental generations G1 and G2. The following characteristics were measured: estimated production of honey, number, width, height and volume of the honey pots, number, height and diameter of pollen storage pots, weight, number, length and diameter of the brood combs and estimate the population of the colony. The measurements were corrected for the fixed effects of month of measurement. The variance components and heritability were estimated by the method of similarity between relatives using the Bayesian approach. The mean and standard deviations ranged from 2.01±0.70cm diameter pots for pollen to 2333.0±384.1kg to the weight of the boxes. There was indication of convergence for all the chains obtained. Estimates of the additive genetic variance ranged from 0.02cm to the width characteristics of honey pots to 38587.72kg for weight. For the estimates of phenotypic variance the values ranged from 0.05 for the height of the pollen pots to 95136.43kg for weight; and the residual variance the values varied from 0.02 for the variable width of the honey pots to 56548.71kg for weight. The results showed that the characteristics assessed have additive genetic variation that ensures good response to selection.
Assuntos
Animais , Abelhas/genética , Hereditariedade/genética , Análise de Variância , Teorema de Bayes , Mel/análise , Melhoramento Genético/métodos , FenótipoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To describe the presence of iris neovascularization in a rabbit-model of retinal neovascularization induced by the intravitreal injection of latex-derived angiogenic fraction microspheres (LAF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight New Zealand rabbits received one intravitreal injection of PLGA (L-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres with 50 ug of LAF in the right eye (Group A). Microspheres without the LAF (0.1 ml) were injected in controls (Group B; n = 8). Follow-up with clinical evaluation and iris fluorescein angiography was performed after 4 weeks when eyes were processed for light microscopy. RESULTS: All eyes from Group A showed significant vascular dilation, conjunctival hyperemia and neovascularization on the iris surface, after LAF injection. No vascular changes were observed in Group B. CONCLUSIONS: The intravitreal injection of microspheres containing the LAF can induce rubeosis iridis in rabbits and could be used as a simple experimental model for iris neovascularization.
Assuntos
Indutores da Angiogênese/toxicidade , Glaucoma Neovascular/etiologia , Iris/irrigação sanguínea , Látex/toxicidade , Neovascularização Patológica/induzido quimicamente , Indutores da Angiogênese/administração & dosagem , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Progressão da Doença , Portadores de Fármacos , Feminino , Angiofluoresceinografia , Fundo de Olho , Glaucoma Neovascular/patologia , Injeções Intravítreas , Iris/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Láctico , Látex/administração & dosagem , Microesferas , Neovascularização Patológica/complicações , Neovascularização Patológica/patologia , Ácido Poliglicólico , Copolímero de Ácido Poliláctico e Ácido Poliglicólico , Coelhos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To create a retinal neovascularization experimental model using intravitreal injection of microspheres loaded with latex-derived angiogenic fraction. METHODS: Thirty-two albino New Zealand rabbits, divided in 4 groups of 8 animals, were enrolled in this study. Rabbits in groups I, II, and III received one intravitreal injection of PLGA (L-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres with 10, 30, and 50 microg of latex-derived angiogenic fraction into their right eyes, respectively, and group IV received 0.1 ml of microspheres without the angiogenic fraction. Weekly follow-up with ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein angiography was performed; the rabbits were sacrificed in the 4th week and their eyes processed for light microscopy. RESULTS: All eyes from group I demonstrated increased retinal vascular tortuosity, observed from 14 days after injection and maintained for 28 days, otherwise without new vessels detection. All group II eyes showed vascular changes similar to group I. Fifty percent of the eyes from group II rabbits developed retinal neovascularization 21 days after injection. All eyes from group III demonstrated significant vascular tortuosity and retinal new vessels 2 weeks after injection, progressing to fibrovascular proliferation and tractional retinal detachment. No vascular changes or retinal new vessels were observed in group IV eyes. Light microscopy confirmed the existence of new vessels previously seen on fluorescein angiography, in retinal sections adjacent to the optic disc, not observed in sections at the same area in the control group. CONCLUSION: Thirty- and 50-microg microspheres containing latex-derived angiogenic fraction injected into the vitreous cavity induced retinal neovascularization in rabbits.
